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Unit 5
Topic1
重点短语
1.on foot go …on foot = walk ( to )…
2.at the school gate在学校大门口
3.on weekdays 在平日 ,在工作日
4.on weekends=on the weekend在周末
5.after school 放学后
6.after class 下课后
7.after breakfast / lunch / supper
早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐后
8.in ones free time在某人空闲时间
9.have a rest 休息一下
10.read books 读书
11.go swimming 去游泳
12.listen to music 听音乐
13.watch TV 看电视
14.do（one’s） homework 做作业
15.go to the zoo / park 去动物园 / 公园
16.once a week 一周一次
17.every day 每天
18.have classes 上课
19.for a little while 一会儿
20.go to bed 上床睡觉
21.come on 快点,加油,来吧
22.get up 起床
23.talk with / to sb.与某人谈话
24.at school 在学校、在上课
25.go to school 去上学
26.and so on ……等等
重点句型
1.Happy New Year! The same to you.
2.Your new bike looks very nice. Thank you.
3.How do you usually come to school?
—I usually come to school by subway.
4.How often do you go to the library?
5.—Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Sedom
6.The early bird catches the work. (谚语) 笨鸟先飞
7.Work / Study must come first. 工作/ 学习必须放在第一位！
8.Classes begin at eight. =Class begins at eight.
9.What time does the class begin? / What time do the classes begin?
10.We have no more time. 我们没有更多的时间了。
11.I have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.
我早上上四节课，下午上两节。
12.She goes to bed at about a quarter to ten.
她九点四十五分睡觉。
重点详解
1.by+交通工具，表示使用某种交通方式，中间不加限定词，如果交通工具前有a, the, my 等限定词，就不能用by，而是用in或是on。
by +动词ing形式，表示通过某种方式乘坐交通工具：by +交通工具（by car/bus/train/ship）
take the+交通工具（take the bus/car）
on+大型封闭式工具（on the bus/ train/ship/plane）
on the train=by train on his bike=by bike on a bike/motorbike
in +小型封闭交通工具（in a car/taxi）in my car=by car
take the bus = go …by bus
ride a bike = go …by bike
2.It’s time for/to do sth. “该做某事了”
It’s time for class. =It’s time to have class. =It’s time for having class.
3. look +adj (look感官动词,系动词) 看起来
His mother looks very young.
They look very cute.
Her dress looks very nice.
You look very cool in this coat.
look的短语 ：
look the same看起来一样 look like看起来像……
look for寻找 look after =take care of 照顾，照料
look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾;
look back 回头看;回顾; look out 当心，小心;
look through 浏览，仔细查看；
look up 查寻，查阅;抬头看
4. do one’s homework 做家庭作业（注：one’s 要随主语的变化而变化，常用形容词性物主代词my, your, their, our, his, her等）。
do my homework at school 在学校做作业
5. want to do sth. “想做某事”，want 后接动词不定式作宾语。
know about “了解，知道关于…”。
we want to know about the school life of American students.
我们想了解一下美国学生的学校生活。
6. 巧辩异同
a few+可数名词 （肯定）；一点，一些；
few+可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有
a little+不可数名词（肯定）；一点，一些；
little +不可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有
little和few作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”,强调少; a little和a few强调有一些。
e.g.He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
e.g. I can speak only a little Chinese.
They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱
a little 与 little 也可以用作副词， 表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少”
e.g. Can you speak English?
--Yes, but only a little.
This book is a little more difficult than that one. （可修饰形容词比较级）
She slept little last night.
昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。
7. go+v.-ing 表示去做某事
go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去买东西
go boating 去划船 go skating 去滑冰
go swimming 去游泳
8. (1)How often 多久一次（对频度进行提问）
答语常用频度副词always> usually>often> sometimes>seldom>never等或单位时间内
的次数，表示频率的短语：次数+单位时间
e.g. How often do you go to the library?
你多久去一次图书馆？
--once/twice/three times/four times a week/month/year
(2)How far多远（表示距离）
How far is it from here to the zoo?
--It’s 6 kilometers.
(3)How long多长（对时间进行提问，持续多长时间（多久）/东西的长度（多长）
How long did he stay here? About two weeks.
How long is the river? About 500 km.
(4)How soon再过多久，主要用来表示对将来一段时间的提问。常用“in+时间段”来回答。
How soon will he be back? In an hour.
9.over (形容词)
School / Class is over.
What time is the class over?
10. begin 现在分词: beginning 过去式: began
What time does the class begin?
begin to do sth/begin doing sth
He begins to write a letter.
=He begins writing a letter.
如果begin本身为分词，只能用begin to do sth He is beginning to run.
11. listen to 听（动作）， hear 听见(结果)
冠词用法：
1. 弹乐器前要带定冠词the,而进行球类运动则不带the。
play +棋类/球类/牌 下……棋，打……球
play soccer/basketball
play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器
play the guitar/piano
2.序数词，前面要用定冠词the。on the second floor
3.三餐前面不用冠词。have breakfast/lunch/supper
一般现在时语法讲解
一般现在时表示：（常与频度副词never, seldom, sometimes, often,usually, always等连用）
(1)现在所处的状态。Jane is at school.
(2)经常或习惯性的动作。I often go to school by bus.
(3)主语具备的性格和能力。He likes playing football.
(4)客观真理。The earth goes round the sun.
常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等等。
行为动词的一般现在时，助动词是do/don’t和does/doesn’t.当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时，行为动词用原形。
肯定式：I go to school on foot.
否定式：I don’t go to school on foot.
疑问式：Do you go to school on foot?
—Yes, I do. —No, I don’t.
当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式，在词尾加-s或-es。
肯定式：He goes to work by bus.
否定式：He doesn’t go to work by bus.
疑问式：Does he go to work by bus?
—Yes, he does. —No, he doesn’t.
Topic2
重点短语：
1. make cards 制作卡片
2. on the playground 在操场上
3. in the library 在图书馆
4. in the gym在体育馆
5. on the shelf在书架上（shelves 复数）
6. at the Lost and Found 在失物招领处
7.clean the room打扫房间
8.have a soccer game 举行足球比赛
9. have an English class 上英语课
10. write a letter 写信
11. some of his photos
= some photos of his 他的一些照片
12. on time 准时/in time及时
13. do better in sth 在某方面做得较好
14. show sb. around… 带领某人参观……
15. at the moment“此刻，现在”,= now.
16. plan v.计划 plan to do sth
17. be kind to sb
=be friendly to sb 对某人很友好
学科名词：
一周名词：
重点句型
1.What are you doing?
---- He is cleaning the dormitory.
2. Are you doing your homework?
Yes, I am./No, I am not.
3. How long can I keep them? Two weeks.
4. Thank you. ---It’s a pleasure. = A pleasure = My pleasure. 别客气。
5. Sorry, I don’t have any. Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你。
重点详解
1. ① go to bed“上床”“就寝”I often go to bed at ten.
② go to sleep“入睡”“睡着”Last night I went to sleep at two o’clock.
2.some, a few 与a little
“一些，有些”三者都修饰名词。
some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。
We want some apples and some water.
a few用在可数名词复数之前
a little用在不可数名词之前。
There are a few books and a little waterin the classroom.
3. 与how相关的短语
how often多常 how many多少
how much多少钱 how old多大
4. And you must return them on time.
你必须按时归还它们。
Return意为“归还，回归”
① return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人
=give back sth. to sb.
② return to“回到…”，相当于come back to…
5.talk“交谈”，常用的短语talk to/with sb.
Maria and a girl are talking at the lost and found.
6.巧辩异同talk, say, speak与tell
(1) talk“交谈”，表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。
(2) speak“说话”，强调开口发声，后常接某种语言。
(3) say “说”，强调所说的话的内容。
(4) tell“告诉”，有时兼含“嘱咐”“命令”等。tell a truth说真话，tell a lie说谎,
tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。
7.look for“寻找”，强调寻找的过程；
find“找到” 发现,强调找的结果。
I can’t find my purse and I am looking for it.
8. Read, see ,look and watch
look(at) 看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语，指看的动作，
see 看见，指看的结果，
read常指看书、看报纸等，表示阅读
watch看比赛、电视
9.Here are some photos of his.这有他的一些照片。
photos of his是双重所有格。his是名词性物主代词，后还可以接名词所有格。
a friend of mine我的一个朋友
a classmate of my brother’s我弟弟的一个同学
10,also与too
also放在句中，too用于句末。
also意为“也”，常用于be动词和情态动词后面，实义动词的前面。
e.g Helen is also a student.
I have long hair and she has long hair, too。
11. borrow:指主语借入
borrow sth. from sb.
e.g You can borrow this book from the library.
May I borrow your eraser?
lend: 指主语借出 lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.
e.g Can you lend your car to me? They often lend us their ball.
keep 和 borrow, lend 的意思一样,都是表示借的意思, 区别是borrow和lend是瞬间动词/,短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间连用,而keep是延续性动词,表示借一段时间,后常跟一段时间
e.g You may keep this book for two weeks.
borrow借进 lend借出 keep借多久
14. on time: 准时,强调不早不迟到达
e.g We must go to work on time.
in time: 及时,强调在规定的时间以前到达
The students can get there in time.
15. Japanese: adj 日本的,日本人的,日语的 n.日本人,日语
当Japanese表示日本人时,是可数名词,单复数同形(与Chinese用法相同)
e.g Two Japanese and three Chinese are swimming in the swimming pool.
重要句型总结
1.What’s in+sth 表示哪里有什么东西
e.g What’s in your purse? 钱包里有什么东西?
2. What else 还有别的什么么?
else: 别的,其它的 What else do you have?
Who else还有别的什么人么?
Where else 还有别的什么地方么?
else除了可以放在疑问词what,who, where等后面，还可以放在不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody后面
e.g I don’t have anything else to do. I can’t see anybody else in the room.
3. Here are some photos of his.
名词＋Of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格----双重所有格
e.g a friend of Sam’s 萨姆的一个朋友
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4. love doing sth习惯性的爱好和习惯
love to do sth一次性的动作或目前想做的事
e.g She loves reading in bed.
I love to go swimming today.
“Like+动词ing”表示“喜欢做某事”
I like playing basketball.
Tom likes listening to music.
“Like+to+动词”也表示“喜欢做某事”，只是“Like+动词ing”表示习惯性动作（也可以说是爱好）， 而“Like+ｔo+动词”表示一次性或短暂性的。
Our PE teacher likes swimming.( 表示爱好)
He likes playing basketball,but today he doesn't like to play basketball.
他爱好打篮球（爱好），但是今天他没去打篮球（短暂性的）。
现在进行时语法讲解
1.现在进行时表示：
(1) 现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作,可与now=at the moment现在, look看,listen听等时间状语连用
e.g I’m reading a book now.
(2) 现在进行时表示当前一段时间内一直进行的动作
e.g They’re working on a farm this week.
(3) 某些行为动词的现在进行时形式可以表示将来,常常有意图,安排或打算的含义,并且可与表将来的时间状语连用,到目前我们所学的这类动词有come, go, fly, return
e.g They are flying to London this afternoon.
We are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
Steve is coming tomorrow evening.
2.常用的时间状语：now, at the moment, look, listen等。
3.谓语动词构成：be(am/is/are)+v.-ing形式。
4.动词的-ing形式构成：
一般在动词末尾加-ing
buy---buying call----calling drink----drinking
以不发音字母e结尾的单词,去e加-ing
come---coming drive---driving give-----giving
末尾只有一个辅音字母,且这个辅音字母前面不是字母组合的词,要双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing
plan----planning swim----swimming
stop---stopping sit---sitting
以ie结尾的词,变ie为y,再加-ing
die----dying lie----lying
5.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。
(1)肯定句:主语+be+doing+sth
I am running. He/She is running.
(2)否定句:主语+be+not+doing+sth
I’m not running. He/She isn’t running.
(3)一般疑问句:Be+主语+doing+sth
回答:Yes,主(代)+be /No,主(代)+be+not
Are you running? —Yes, I am./—No, I am not.
Is he/she running? —Yes, he/she is./ —No. he/she isn’t
(4)特殊疑问句: What+be+主语+doing?
Topic3
重点短语：
1. outdoor activity 课外活动
2. easy and interesting 容易又有趣
3. difficult and boring 又难又乏味
4. be friendly to sb. =be kind to sb.对某人友好
5. between…and… 在……之间…
6. learn(…)from… 向…学习…/从…中学…
7.learning about the past了解过去
8.learn about了解
9.learn by oneself自学
10. from…to… 从……到……
11. in the morning / afternoon / evening
在早上/ 下午/ 晚上
12. on Monday 在星期一
13. on Monday morning在星期一的早上
14. tell sb. about sth告诉某人关于某事
重点句型
1.What day is it today？---It’s Sunday.
(在英语国家每周的第一天是星期天而不是星期一)
2.What class are they having?
They are having a music class.
3. What time does the class begin? At ten o’clock.
4. What do you think of math? = How do you like math ?
你认为数学怎么样？
----It’s difficult and boring.
5. Why (为什么)do you like English ?
Because（因为）it’s easy and interesting.
6. Can you tell me something about it?
7. What subject (学科)do you like best ? I like history best.
8. At school, my teachers and classmates are very friendly to me.
9. I study Chinese, English, politics, geography and some other subjects.
（other泛指其他的，别的+ 名词复数 another 泛指又一个、再一个、另一个+名词单数 the other 两者中的另一个）
10. English is my favorite subject.
11. I also like P.E and music.
= I like P.E and music , too. (也)
重点详解
1.询问星期几用What day…？
回答：It’s Wednesday/Sunday…。
与what有关的短语：what class什么班
what color什么颜色 what time几点
What’s the date…? 是对日期(几号)的提问。
What day is it today? —It’s Monday.问星期
What’s the date today?—It’s the May 1st.问具体日期。
What do you do?—I’m a teacher.
What does he look like?—He is tall/He has a small mouth.问外貌
What’s she like?—She is kind/friendly..问性格。
2. How many+可数名词的复数形式；
How much+不可数名词。
How many lessons does he have every weekday?
3. in+时间段（in the morning/afternoon/evening
季节/月份/年份前也用in：in Spring/Oct/in September，2008)
in用于泛指一天的上午，下午，晚上等，也用于某个较长的时间，如年，月，季节等，还可以表示“从现在起一段时间以后”in a week
at+时间点[钟点时（刻）]（at 6 o’clock）
at noon at night at midnight at this time of day
on+具体时间（具体日期、节日前on Sep 10th/Women’s Day/rainy Day）
在星期几常用on,在具体点钟前用at.
4. What do you think of …?
= How do you like…?
你认为……怎么样？
What one’s favorite…? = What does sb. like best?
某人最喜欢什么？
Which subject do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目？
5. Why do you like it? 你为什么喜欢它？
--Because it’s easy and interesting.因为它简单而有趣。
用why提问必须用because回答。
Why? ----Because it’s interesting.
如果表示你为什么不用 Why not…? 或Why don’t you…?
6.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
My teachers are very friendly to me.
注： friendly是形容词 “友好的”“友善的”，而不是副词。
7. a lot = much“许多”，后接宾语时要说a lot of 也可以表示“非常，十分”。
I can learn a lot from it.我能从中学到很多东西。
8. You must like English very much.
你一定非常喜欢英语。
must在这里表示肯定推测。
9. It’s time for (doing) sth= it’s time to do sth. 该做某事了
It’s time for class.上课的时间到了.
10.can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。
(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't.
(3)含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？
11.may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。否定回答是：No，主语+mustn't。或please don't。
12. have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，
否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。
Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,
否定式must’t意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。
Unit 6
Topic1
重点词组
1. Why not… =Why don’t you…
2. go upstairs上楼 go downstairs下楼
3. A moment later一会以后
4. study n.书房 v.学习 与learn的区别
5. in the front of the house
在屋子（里面的）前面
6. in front of the house
在屋子（外面的）前面
7. talk about+n/v-ing谈论,议论,讨论某事
8. talk with sb. 与某人交谈
9. put them away 把他们收拾好
10.Look after = take care of照顾
11.play with sb. “与某人一起玩”
12.in the tree（外物附着）在树上
13.on the tree 树本身长出来的花，树叶等
14.on the wall在墙上
15.in the wall 在墙里
16.on the river浮在水面上
17.over the river 在河上（悬空）
18.Tell sb about sth Tell sb to do sth Tell sb sth
19.want sb to do sth/want to do sth
重点语法
There be…用法
There be 句型表示“某处存在某物或某人，表示一种客观存在，而have“有”，表示“某人拥有某物/某人”表主观拥有，其主语是人。
There is a dog in the picture. The dog has two big eyes.
当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。
eg.A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.
肯定句：There is a computer in your study.
否定句：在“be”后加“not”： There isn’t a computer in your study.
一般疑问句：将“be”提到“there”之前： Is there a computer in your study?
----Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。
注：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如： There are many things over there.
→What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.
→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问：
提问地点用"Where is / are+主语?"
“There + be+主语+地点状语”表示“某处有某物”；
例： There is a computer on the desk.
→ Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground.
→Where are the four children?
地点状语也可放在句首，有时可用“，”与后面的部分隔开。
There are some pictures on the wall.
=On the wall, there are some pictures.
③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
there be 遵循就近原则。
There be如果后面接两个名词作主语，那么“be”的人称和数与邻 近的名词一致。即be 用is还是are，取决于离该动词最近的那个名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用is，如果是复数就用are。
★就近原则： There is a lamp , a computer, some books and so on.
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
重点句型
There are two bedrooms and a a small study.
There is a lamp, a computer, some books and so on.
—Is there a computer in your study? —Yes, there is.
Don't put them here. Put them away.
There are many beautiful flowers in the garden,
but there aren’t any trees in it.
花园里有许多漂亮的花，但是却没有树。
重点讲解
1.It’s on the second floor. 在哪一层楼，用介词on。on表示在……上面。second是序数词，前面要用定冠词the, 意为第二（的）。
on the first floor美式英语一楼floor地板，此处指“楼房的层”。
英式英语用the ground floor 表示一楼
巧辩异同 two与second
two是基数词，second是序数词，“第二”或“第二的”，指排列顺序。
2. have a look看看。后面接名词时要用at. 如have a look at your watch.
3. put away 把……放好
Don’t put them here. Put them away.
别把它们放在这儿，请收起来放好。
4. look after“保管，照顾”，相当于take care of.
look at看…… look like看起来像……
look for寻找 look the same看起来一样
5. like to do sth 和 like doing sth的区别
二者都表示"喜欢做某事"
A. like doing sth表示长时间的喜欢做某事，指兴趣爱好。在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强，不指某一次动作。
例： She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳。（经常性的爱好）
I like eating fish .(我喜欢吃鱼，个人口味而已，一种爱好，喜欢）
（love doing sth.=like doing sth. 喜欢做某事）
B. like to do sth 则常指某个具体的动作，表示偶尔一次喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。
与love to do相似
C. like to do sth 想去做某事（表示有个趋向性，好像是要到某处去做某事）
如: She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳。（特指某一次的动作）
另外,在搭配(使用方法)上,“ like to do ”一般与 “ would ” 搭配表示意愿。
例：
I would like to swim with you . 我愿意和你去游泳。
Would you like to skate ? 你愿意去滑冰吗？
6. get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信＝hear from sb.
hear from宾语是人不是信，hear of听说某人(物)，hear听到，听见，侧重听的结果。
常用 hear sb doing sth/do sth
I’m very glad to get a letter from you.
我很高兴收到你的来信。
7.Welcome to my new home.【home作n.】
(对比Welcome home【home作adv.】)
8. so/too many+可数名词复数=many
eg: There are so many books in the desk.
so/too much+不可数名词 =much
There is so much water in the river.
much too+adj ==too太...
I’m much too tired.
9. 方位短语：
in the center of=in the middle of在...中间
in front of 在...前面（外部）
in the front of（内部）在...前面
at the back of 在...后面
on the left/right of在...的左边/右边
next to 紧邻
10. go up”沿着“指往北走，或从小地方往大地方走
go down往南走，从大地方向小地方去
go along “沿着...往前一直走”
go across 越过、穿过、横穿（go across the bridge）
11. a ticket for+n/ving
eg: a ticket for parking.
12. used to do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但现在不再。
Tom used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to do被用来做某事; The knife is used to cut apples.
be used to doing习惯于做某事，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
Tom is used to going for a walk after dinner.(现在习惯于散步)
13.肯定的祈使句：
(1) 实义动词原形+其他；
(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他；
(3) Let sb do sth.
否定的祈使句：
(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形；
(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他；
(3) Don’t let sb do sth
(4) No+Ving.
14. 不要迟到：Don’t arrive late.
= Don’t be late. (arrive = be)
上课/上学不要迟到：
Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school.
15. 主语省略（无主语）：Don’t arrive late for class.
主语不省略（有主语）：We can’t arrive ;ate for class.
Topic2
重点句型
1.What’s your home like? 你的家是什么样的？
--It’s an apartment building. 它是一栋公寓楼。
They live in a big farmhouse in the country.
他们住在农村的农舍里。
2.What’s the matter?
3.I can’t hear you, the line is bad. 我听不清，线路不好。
4.I’ll get someone to check it right now. 我马上派人去检查。
5.There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.
6.There are many houses with big yards in the suburbs.
郊区有许多带着大院子的房子。
7.What kind of home do you live in? 你住在什么样的房子里？
8.I ‘m afraid it’s too loud. 恐怕声音有点大
---I’ m really sorry about that.我真的对此很抱歉。
重点讲解
1.What be +…..like? 询问某人某物情况或者状况的句型。What’s your home like?
like 动词 “喜欢”，介词“像”。be like像和look like看起来像。be like 主要用来询问人的性格、外貌和事物特征。Look like 主要用来询问外貌。
What do(does) ……look like？询问外貌。
2.for rent 出租。wanted求租.
rent sth to sb 把某物租给某人
rent sth from sb 从某人处租某物。
3.with “有，带有”。
A house with three bedrooms.有三间卧室的房子。
with还可以意为“和（某人/某物）在一起”
4.apartment for a family of two.适合两口之家的公寓。
(1) for表示“给……”表示目的或功能。后接物主代词或名词，但通常带’s.或者后接表示无生命物体的名词。Here is a letter for you.
(2)of的含义为“属于某人/某事物”。She is a friend of Lily’s. = Shes is Lily’s friend.
5. What’s the matter?怎么了？
= What’s wrong? 常用来询问某人或某物出了什么什么问题或毛病
What’s the matter with (sb./sth.)?
= What’s up with…?
= What’s wrong with….?…有什么事？
There is something wrong with sb./sth.某人或某物出问题/有毛病了。
My kitchen fan doesn't work. 我家厨房的排气扇坏了。
= There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.
= Something is wrong with my kitchen fan.
6. hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事（强调动作进行）
hear sb. do sth. 表示听到某人做过了某事,强调全过程,类似的有see,watch,find,。
hear about sth.听到关于某事物的消息
hear from sb.接到某人的来信、电话等
hear of sb./sth.听到或知道某人或某事物的情况
I hear you playing the piano我听到你正在弹钢琴
7.There are no houses on the right. = There aren’t any houses….
（no后可以加可数和不可数名词= not any后加不可数名词或者可数名词复数 / not a 后加可数名词单数）
8. a lot of = lots of许多
后接可数名词，相当于many；后接不可数名词，相当于much,用于肯定句中；但如果是否定句，常用many或much.
There are a lot of tall buildings and small gardens in our community.
在我们的社区里有许多高楼和小花园。
9. be far from… 离……远（抽象距离）
My school is not far from the bookstore.
be…away from…离……远（具体距离）
The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel.
be close to…离……近。
close 与near 都有“靠近”的意思，但close 比near 更近。
10. I’ll get someone to check it right now.我马上派人去检查。
get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事,派某人去做某事= ask sb to do sth.
right now= at once= right away马上，立刻
11.We can call it for help. call sb for sth/ doing sth.
我们可以打电话向它求救。
12.Are there many people living near your home?
有许多人住在你家附近吗？
（there be +sb.+doing sth表示某地有某人在做什么）
People 没有复数，表示人们，做主语是be动词用are
13.Many people are moving from cities to the suburbs.
许多人正从城市搬迁到郊区。
（move to …., move from ….to ….从…..搬到、移动到…..）
14.The traffic is heavy and the cost of living is high. 交通拥挤，生活开销高。
cost 在这做名词，做动词时，主语是物，
句型 sth. cost sb some money
e.g. The rose costs me 10 yuan.
traffic 不可数名词，be动词用单数
交通量的大小用heavy/busy和little/ a little 修饰。
Topic3
重点短语：
1. a ticket for speeding 超速罚单
2. at the end of the road在路的尽头
3. go across走过
4. turn left/right向左转/向右转
5. on the corner of 在…转角/拐弯处
6. across from 在…对面
7. between……and 在…之间
8. take the No. 718 bus 乘坐718路公共汽车
9. change to变成
10.no parking禁止停车
11.get hurt受伤
12.obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
13.keep on the right of the road
保持在路的右边
14.at the foot of 在…的脚下
15.hold sth in one’s hand抓住某人的手
重点句型
1.问路语
①Where is ……?
②Is there a……near here?
Excuse me, is there a bank near here?
打扰了，请问附近有银行吗？
③Which is the way to ……?
④How can I get to……?
⑤Could you tell me the way to……?
How can I get to the bookstore?
= Could you tell me the way to the bookstore?
= Could you tell me how to get to the bookstore?
⑥Where is the way to the bookstore? 问路的句型
2.指路
①Go along/down this road until……
Go up （Go along）this street to the end ,and you will find it on your left.
--沿着这条街一直走到尽头，你就会发下银行在你左边。
②Turn left at the first turning﹦Take the first turning on the left.
③Go straight ahead and you will see……
④It’s about 15 kilometres away from here.
3.Thank you all the same .﹦Thanks anyway.
4.You can’t miss it.
5.You need to take bus No.718……
6.How far is it from here?
7.Everybody must be careful and obey the traffic.
8.We must stop and look both ways before we cross the road.
9.Be careful! Don't play on the street.
10.Wait for your turn when the lights are red.
在红灯亮之前请等待
11.How far is it from here? (问距离)
--It’s about ten kilometers away from here.
离这有多远？离这有十千米远。
12.How can we make the roads safe? 我们怎样才能使道路安全？make sth/ sb. +adj.
13. Before（prep.） we cross the road, we must stop and look both ways.
在我们过马路之前，我们必须停下来向路的两边看。
14.We must never play on the street. 我们绝对不能在街上玩耍。
= We must not play the street.
15.It’s good to help children and old people to cross the road.
帮助小孩和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。
It’s good to do sth.
重点讲解
1.go up “沿着……走”与它相近的词有go along/down
2.get to 到达，后接地点名词 get to =reach=arrive in/at
与get有关的短语：
get in 收获 get on上车 get off下车
get out出去 get out of从……出来 get up起床
3.It’s good to help children and old people to cross the road.
帮助孩子和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。
4.on the corner of = at the corner of “在……拐角处”，表示在某一地方或建筑物外面的拐角处。in the corner of 表示在某一建筑物内的拐角处。
5.有关come的短语
come to 来到 come form来自于……
come on 加油，赶快 come in 进来
come out 出来 come down下来 come back回来
6.It's about five hundred meters along（adv.）on the right.
顺着右边走大约500m就到了。
确切的表示几百，hundred不用复数，但是在表示“成百上千”的时候用hundreds of， thousand也同样用
7.Go along this road until you get to Beisihuan Road.
沿着这条路一直走，直到你到达北四环路。
特指某个道路前面不加the，大写这条路的名字
8.You can’t miss it. 你不会错过它的。
（miss 除了表示错过，还可以表示“想念”e.g. She misses her mother. ）
9.You need to take bus No. 718, then you should change to the No. 108 bus at Anzhen Bridge.
你需要乘坐718路车，然后你应该在安贞桥换乘108路车。
注：
(1)need to do sth, 需要去做某事 ;
need sth / sb 需要某物，某人
(2)should 在这是情态动词，后加动原。
(3)change to 转乘,变成
change from A to B 从A变成B
(4)几路车有两种表示方法： bus NO.718 或者the NO.718 bus
祈使句语法讲解：
表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子，特点是省略了主语。
祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变。朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。
●肯定结构:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please.
请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)
如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)
如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。
如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我！
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！
2. Let型的否定式有两种:
“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”
“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分
如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
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